Polycarbonate (PC) Filament: The Comprehensive Guide for Advanced 3D Printers
Polycarbonate (PC) is a high-performance plastic widely used in industry due to its exceptional strength and heat resistance. From bulletproof glass to optical discs – the applications of polycarbonate are diverse and impressive. But how does this material perform in 3D printing? In this guide, we highlight the special properties of PC filament and provide valuable tips on how to successfully use it in 3D printing projects.
What is Polycarbonate (PC) Filament?
Polycarbonate is a thermoplastic known for its high impact resistance and temperature stability. PC filament for 3D printing brings these properties directly to your workshop. It is ideal for producing objects that must withstand extreme conditions, whether in industry or everyday use.
Properties and Advantages of PC Filament
- Excellent Impact Resistance: Polycarbonate is nearly indestructible and is therefore often used in safety-critical applications.
- High Heat Resistance: With a softening temperature above 150°C, PC is suitable for applications exposed to high temperatures.
- Dimensional Stability: PC remains dimensionally stable even under load, making it ideal for mechanical components.
The Challenges of Printing with Polycarbonate Filament
3D printing with PC filament demands a high level of experience and technical know-how. Due to its physical properties, polycarbonate is more challenging than other common filaments like PLA or ABS.
Temperature Requirements
PC filament requires very high temperatures during printing. The ideal printing temperature ranges between 250°C and 280°C depending on the 3D printer and filament quality. A heated print bed with a temperature of about 90°C to 120°C is also necessary to minimize warping and ensure optimal adhesion.
Moisture Absorption
Polycarbonate is hygroscopic, meaning it absorbs moisture from the air. This property can significantly affect print quality, as the filament forms steam bubbles during printing, leading to unsightly surfaces and weak structures. Therefore, it is essential to store PC filament dry, preferably in an airtight container with a desiccant.
Requirements for the 3D Printer
Not every 3D printer is capable of processing PC filament. A printer is required that can reach high extruder temperatures and has a heated print bed. Additionally, a closed build chamber is advantageous to maintain a constant temperature and minimize warping issues.
Tips and Tricks for Successful Printing with Polycarbonate
1. Preparation of the Print Bed
For optimal adhesion of PC filament to the print bed, we recommend using permanent print surfaces like BuildTak or glass combined with adhesives such as adhesive spray. A heated print bed is, as mentioned, indispensable. The optimal print bed temperature ranges between 90°C and 120°C, depending on the size of the print object and ambient temperature.
2. Avoiding Warping
Warping is a common problem when printing with PC filament. This phenomenon occurs when the lower layers of the print cool faster than the upper layers, causing deformation. To prevent this, even heat distribution throughout the printing process is required. A closed build chamber or a heated build environment can work wonders here.
3. Optimization of Printing Speed
The printing speed should be reduced when working with PC filament to ensure even material extrusion and better adhesion. A printing speed of about 30-40 mm/s has proven effective.
4. Post-processing and Curing
Another advantage of polycarbonate is its ease of post-processing after printing. The printed objects can be further processed, drilled, or bent without breaking. Thermal post-curing can also be considered to further increase material strength.
Conclusion
Polycarbonate filament offers exceptional strength and heat resistance, setting it apart from other filaments. However, the challenges in processing, such as high printing temperatures and moisture sensitivity, make it a material for experienced users. With the right equipment and technique, impressive and durable 3D prints from polycarbonate can be produced that withstand demanding applications. Those willing to take the necessary precautions will work with PC filament on a new level of 3D printing.